|
| Verb Rules |
|
- Verb tense exists in either present or past.
- Three states
- indicative - non-continuous action. (Past or present)
- continuative - an action that continues to take place. (Past or present)
- perfect - an action being completed. (Past or present)
- Three voices
- active
- passive (i.e. The rat was killed by the cat)
- mediopassive (i.e. The book was not selling)
- Four moods
- indicative - statement of fact: "I go."
- negative - negative statement of fact: "I do not go."
- subjunctive - irrealis mood: "If I would go."
- imperative - command/request: "You go!"
- Verbs do not conjugate for person or number.
- Conjugations are consistent.
|
|
Active voice |
|
Present tense |
Past tense |
|
Common |
Progressive |
Completed |
Common |
Progressive |
Completed |
| Indicative |
- |
+[u]ri |
+[i]r |
+n |
+ari |
+ar |
| Negative |
+[u]khe |
+[u]khi |
+[u]kh |
+akhe |
+akhi |
+akh |
| Subjunctive |
+[u]te |
+[u]ti |
+[u]t |
+ate |
+ati |
+at |
| Infinitive |
+er |
+eri |
+eir |
+ehr |
+ehri |
+eihr |
| Participle |
+anh |
- |
- |
+enh |
- |
- |
|
Passive-voice = [a]hr + Active-voice |
|
Present tense |
Past tense |
|
Common |
Progressive |
Completed |
Common |
Progressive |
Completed |
| Indicative |
+[a]hr |
+[a]hr+uri |
+[a]hr+ir |
+[a]hr+n |
+[a]hr+ari |
+[a]hr+ar |
| Negative |
+[a]hr+ukhe |
+[a]hr+ukhi |
+[a]hr+ukh |
+[a]hr+akhe |
+[a]hr+akhi |
+[a]hr+akh |
| Subjunctive |
+[a]hr+ute |
+[a]hr+uti |
+[a]hr+ut |
+[a]hr+ate |
+[a]hr+ati |
+[a]hr+at |
| Infinitive |
+an |
+ari |
+ar |
+ahn |
+ahri |
+ahr |
| Participle |
+ari |
|
|
+eri |
|
|
|
Mediopassive-voice = Active-voice + [a]hn |
|
Present tense |
Past tense |
|
Common |
Progressive |
Completed |
Common |
Progressive |
Completed |
| Indicative |
+[a]hn |
+[u]ri+hn |
+[i]r+ahn |
+n+ahn |
+ari+hn |
+ar+ahn |
| Negative |
+[u]khe+hn |
+[u]khi+hn |
+[u]kh+ahn |
+akhe+hn |
+akhi+hn |
+akh+ahn |
| Subjunctive |
+[u]te+hn |
+[u]ti+hn |
+[u]t+ahn |
+ate+hn |
+ati+hn |
+at+ahn |
| Participle |
+anh |
|
|
+enh |
|
|
|
Modal verb forms |
| Participle |
Non-modal |
To inferior |
To superior |
|
|
+'e (ends in cons., a, æ, or e) |
| Imperative |
+u |
+i (ends in 'i' or 'o') |
+n |
|
|
+o (ends in 'u') |
|
| Deriving from other verbs |
| lli+ |
Similar to dis+ in English
Creates a negative or reversing force verb form.
|
dislike - llidrahha |
| +ri |
(No direct English equivalent)
Adds a frequent connotation to the verb. "often", "regularly", "steady".
|
hold-steady - hwyejri |
|
